???? ???:?????? ????????? ??????

???? ???? ?????? ??????

????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? 1.3 ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????????.

???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???.

??? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? 430 ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 30 ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? 1949.

???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ????????.

??? ????(???? ???????)

?????? ?????????? ??? ???? (Cai Fang)? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????. ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????????? (CASS)? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? 1 ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????.

?? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? 1980 ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? (GDP). ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????(?????? ???????????).